SOURCE: LANCET
Inactivity defined as not meeting any of the following criteria: (a) 5 x 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week; (b) 3 x 20 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity per week; (c) an equivalent combination achieving 600 metabolic equivalent-min per week. |
Monday, August 6, 2012
Malaysia 10th LAZIEST nation in the world & the WORST in SE Asia
Malaysia is the 10th laziest nation in the world!
Malaysia turned out to be the most slothful nation by far
in Southeast Asia, scoring 61.4% on the inactive index versus Cambodia's
11.2%, Myanmar's 12.7%, Vietnam's 15.3%, Thailand's 19.2%, Philippines'
23.7% and Indonesia's 29.8% . Perhaps due to its small size,
neighboring Singapore was not on the survey of 122 countries grading about 89% of the world's population.
Malaise
Malaysia
has long been accused of malaise and apathy and this has in the past
been attributed to the hot and humid weather in the country and a lack
of educational opportunities for the large rural population. But with
the advent of air-con and national access to free education at primary
schools, these are clearly mere excuses.
Malaysia's malaise has been blamed for the country's inability to
compete against other countries, prompting decades of affirmative-action
economic policies that in hindsight have worsened the situation and
spawned generations of youths who believe that it is the government's
duty to owe them a living.
Laziness now "pandemic"
Renowned medical journal, The Lancet, had released a hefty series of studies on the growing worldwide health problem, inactivity, which has now been elevated to “pandemic” status.
Taking into account 122 countries around the globe – about 89% of the
world’s population – the researchers determined the inactivity rate of
each population, and then looked at the situation for men and women
singly.
The study defined inactivity as not doing five 30-minute sessions of
moderate activity, three 20-minute sessions of vigorous activity, or 600
metabolic equivalent minutes per week.
Women more inactive than men
Asian powerhouses China scored 31% and India 15.6%. The United States - still considered the world's leading economy despite current financial woes - came out 46th.
According to Forbes, the good news is that the U.S. is not among the
most inactive countries. The bad news is that inactivity still accounts
for as many deaths globally as does tobacco use, and that’s a lot of
preventable deaths.
As is the case for many of the nations analyzed, the situation is worse
for U.S. women, with 47% being inactive, vs. only 33.5% of men.
The take-home message from the series is that about a third of people
across the world do not meet the minimum activity recommendations (which
is generally about 2.5 hours of moderate activity per week).
But countries vary greatly, with Malta topping the inactive list at
71.9%, and Greece faring best in the European Region, at 15.6%. The
situation is worse for adolescents (ages 13-15) across the globe, of whom about 80% fall into the inactive category.
TOP 20
1 – Malta: 71.9% inactive
2 – Swaziland: 69.0% inactive
3 – Saudi Arabia: 68.8% inactive
4 – Serbia: 68.3% inactive
5 – Argentina: 68.3% inactive
6 – Micronesia: 66.3% inactive
7 – Kuwait: 64.5% inactive
8 – Britain: 63.3% inactive
9 – United Arab Emirates: 62.5% inactive
10 – Malaysia: 61.4% inactive
11 – Japan: 60.2% inactive
12 – Dominican Republic: 60.0% inactive
13 – Namibia: 58.5% inactive
14 – Iraq: 58.4% inactive
15 – Turkey: 56.0% inactive
16 – Cyprus: 55.4% inactive
17 – Italy: 54.7% inactive
18 – Ireland: 53.2% inactive
19 – South Africa: 52.4% inactive
20 - Bhutan: 52.3% inactive
4th leading cause of death
At heart, the issue is not an aesthetic one. Experts estimate that 5.3
million deaths worldwide are the result of inactivity, which is about
the same number attributed to tobacco use, making the situation seem
even more grave. The World Health Organization (WHO) says that physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of deaths due to non-communicable diseases worldwide.
The researchers point out that the publication of the studies at the time of the summer Olympics is “not a coincidence. Although the world will be watching elite athletes from many countries compete in sporting events
requiring tremendous training, skill, and fitness, most spectators will
be quite inactive.” They hope that the timing of the series, along with
Olympic excitement, will propel people into action. Literally.
And there’s another element of irony to our growing inactivity that
shouldn’t be overlooked. Advances designed to make our lives easier and
more enjoyable have made us less mobile. Not only do they contribute to
the inactivity pandemic, but they may have the grimmer effect of
shortening our lives.
As the authors put it, “Several behavioural and environmental factors, and megatrends
(major forces in societal development that affect people’s lives)
affect population levels of physical activity. Rapid urbanisation,
mechanisation, and increased use of motorised transport could have
caused global changes in physical activity.”
Getting back to basics, like walking
or bicycling to work, would help the situation markedly, say the
researchers. They calculate, for example, that if all of Denmark’s
non-cycling population suddenly hopped on bicycles regularly, about
12,000 deaths per year would be avoided. Of course, there’s an important
intersection between outdoor activity
and environmental concerns, particularly cyclist safety and park
safety, which can significantly affect our odds of engaging in healthy
activities.
1.5 hours per week can extend lifespan by 3 years
If people are put off the by idea of thought of the recommended 150
minutes of moderate activity per day (like brisk walking), at least we
can take solace in the fact that even less activity offers a benefit: Getting just 1.5 hours per week can extend lifespan by three years.
Tracking physical activity is notoriously difficult, and because of the
range of activity level within each country can be wide, getting a
handle on what’s going on even within a given country can be difficult.
Though the studies seem expansive, for about a third of countries in the world, there exists no data on physical activity, mainly countries in central Asia and “those of low and middle income in Africa.”
Striking, the authors say, is the divide between where the studies are
done and where disease occurs. Closing the gap in which there exists no
data is critical for getting a handle on people’s habits, lifestyles,
and activity levels, or lack thereof.
Auckland University associate professor, Ralph Maddison, who studies
physical activity, wasn’t surprised by the figures. New Zealand had
scored 50% in The Lancet survey.
“I think the need to be physical active every day has diminished due to multiple factors,” Madison said.
“Our environment has changed in terms of where we live. We drive a lot more, people spend more time in leisure-based activities, like watching television, and we also have more sedentary jobs.”
Saturday, August 4, 2012
100 Countries and Their Prostitution Policies
This page details 100 countries' policies on prostitution, brothel ownership, and pimping. These countries were chosen in order to be inclusive of major religions, geographical regions, and policies towards prostitution. Taiwan and Scotland were included in the country listings for China and the United Kingdom, respectively, in accordance with the country listings and population estimates provided in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook.
Whenever possible, we have included government documents regarding prostitution such as laws, court decisions, employment information, etc. under the name of the country. While reasonable efforts have been made to assure the accuracy of the data provided, do not rely on this information without first checking an official edition of the applicable law. This page was last updated Nov. 4, 2009.
More info: Procon |
Spain's economy contracts third quarter in a row
By CIARAN GILES - The Associated Press
MADRID -- The Spanish economy remains stuck in its second
recession in three years after contracting 0.4 percent in the second
quarter of 2012 from the previous three months, according to official
data.
It was the third consecutive contraction following the previous two 0.3 percent quarterly declines, Spain's National Statistics Institute said Monday.
The institute said that compared to the second quarter in 2011, the economy had contracted 1 percent. A technical recession is commonly defined as two consecutive quarters of economic contraction. The slump was due to a fall in demand at home, offset slightly by an increase in exports, the institute added.
It was the third consecutive contraction following the previous two 0.3 percent quarterly declines, Spain's National Statistics Institute said Monday.
The institute said that compared to the second quarter in 2011, the economy had contracted 1 percent. A technical recession is commonly defined as two consecutive quarters of economic contraction. The slump was due to a fall in demand at home, offset slightly by an increase in exports, the institute added.
AP Photo - A Government employee protests against cuts in
Barcelona, Spain, Monday, July 30, 2012. Spain's borrowing rates hit a
record high on Monday, increasing the risk it might need a sovereign
bailout, as investors worried the government would be overwhelmed by the
debts of its banks and regions. Spain has called for the European
Central Bank to take emergency action to ease its government borrowing
rates.
The conservative government predicts the economy will contract 1.5 percent for all of this year and 0.5 percent next year.
Spain has near 25 percent unemployment and is struggling to avoid having to seek a financial bailout, as Greece, Ireland and Portugal have already done.
Spain has asked for as much as (EURO)100 billion ($123 billion) in loans for its banks, which are laden with soured investments following a property sector collapse in 2008. A sovereign bailout for Spain, which has a (EURO)1.1 trillion economy, would be far larger.
The country has been under intense financial market pressure in recent months with the interest rate for its benchmark 10-year bonds on the secondary market surpassing the 7 percent barrier. Such a rate is considers unsustainable over the long term and taken as an indicator that the country may not be able to manage its finances without outside help.
The pressure has eased in recent days after European monetary leaders indicated they would work to help Spain.
On Monday, the 10-year yield edged down by 0.16 percentage points to 6.57 percent.
The country's Treasury tests investor sentiment Thursday when it auctions bonds maturing in 2014, 2016 and 2022.
Thursday also sees Italian Premier Mario Monti in Madrid for talks with Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy on the financial crisis battering both countries. Italy has also seen its borrowing costs rise considerably in recent months.
Spain has near 25 percent unemployment and is struggling to avoid having to seek a financial bailout, as Greece, Ireland and Portugal have already done.
Spain has asked for as much as (EURO)100 billion ($123 billion) in loans for its banks, which are laden with soured investments following a property sector collapse in 2008. A sovereign bailout for Spain, which has a (EURO)1.1 trillion economy, would be far larger.
The country has been under intense financial market pressure in recent months with the interest rate for its benchmark 10-year bonds on the secondary market surpassing the 7 percent barrier. Such a rate is considers unsustainable over the long term and taken as an indicator that the country may not be able to manage its finances without outside help.
The pressure has eased in recent days after European monetary leaders indicated they would work to help Spain.
On Monday, the 10-year yield edged down by 0.16 percentage points to 6.57 percent.
The country's Treasury tests investor sentiment Thursday when it auctions bonds maturing in 2014, 2016 and 2022.
Thursday also sees Italian Premier Mario Monti in Madrid for talks with Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy on the financial crisis battering both countries. Italy has also seen its borrowing costs rise considerably in recent months.
Wednesday, August 1, 2012
Mounting Malaysian debt could lead to downgrade, says ratings agency
By Lee Wei Lian
August 01, 2012
KUALA
LUMPUR, August 1 — Malaysia’s public finances are weak relative to
those of its ‘A’ range peers and the country is now on par with more
heavily indebted ‘A’ range sovereigns such as Italy, said Fitch Ratings
today.
This comes after some economists said that the federal government’s
debt, which nearly doubled since 2007 to RM421 billion, poses a fiscal
risk to the country if not managed carefully as it impairs Malaysia’s
resilience to economic shocks, which appear to be occurring with
increasing frequency.
Fitch said that despite strong GDP growth, the deterioration in
public debt ratios is affecting Malaysia’s credit profile and a lack of
progress on fiscal reforms could lead to a ratings downgrade.
Fitch said that the rise in the federal government debt-to-GDP ratio
and the limited broadening of the fiscal revenue base have pushed
Malaysia’s debt-to-revenue ratio to 246 per cent in 2011, which is well
above the ‘A’ and ‘BBB’ range medians of 137 per cent and 119 per cent
respectively and is now on par with more heavily indebted ‘A’ range
sovereigns such as Italy at 261 per cent and Israel at 180 per
cent.
Italy is considered one of the countries at risk of a debt default
and saw its borrowing costs soar to above seven per cent in November
last year.
Other factors putting pressure on the country’s credit profile are
low and energy-dependent revenues as well as structural weaknesses such
as low average incomes.
“Fiscal slippage or a lack of progress on fiscal reforms to reverse
the deterioration in public debt ratios, following the impending
election, could prompt negative rating action,” said Fitch.
It added, however, that if the country demonstrated sustained
political willingness to implement fiscal reforms that lead to a
strengthening of the fiscal revenue base, improved budgetary flexibility
and lower reliance on energy-linked revenues streams, it would be
supportive of Malaysia’s ratings at their current level — which were
affirmed at ‘A-’ and ‘A’ for Long-Term Foreign and Local Currency Issuer
Default Ratings (IDRs) respectively.
The agency said that Malaysia’s public finances also exhibit
structural weaknesses with general government revenues, which came up to
24 per cent of GDP in 2011, remaining well below the ‘A’ range median
for general government revenues which was 33 per cent.
It also expressed concern that the share of petroleum-related
revenues is high at 36 per cent of federal government revenues and that
fiscal flexibility was crimped by fuel subsidies, which amounted to nine
per cent of total expenditure last year.
Fitch said, however, that reforms were unlikely until after the general elections.
It also pointed out that a sharp increase in non-resident holdings of
marketable domestically-issued medium- and long-term government debt
grew to 41 per cent of foreign exchange reserves at end-June 2012 from
21 per cent at end-June 2008, which suggests that the capacity of the
country’s external finances to absorb shocks may be weaker than in the
past.
On the plus side, Fitch said that Malaysia’s stronger and less
volatile growth, and slower and less volatile inflation compared with
its ‘A’ category peers, supports its credit profile.
It also said that the government’s structural reform plan for the
economy helped attract private-sector investment interest in 2011.
“However, given the political environment, Fitch believes implementation risk to the reform agenda remains material,” it said.
Other Malaysian strengths include strong foreign interest in
Malaysian government securities and a large and liquid domestic debt
capital market, which should be able to limit the impact on domestic
financing costs in the event of a sharp reduction in foreign
participation.
Fitch said that the broader public sector holds 33 per cent of
marketable domestic government debt, further enhancing the stability of
financing and funding flexibility.
Some economists earlier said that while Malaysia’s government debt —
currently at about 54 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP), and the
second highest in Asia — has not significantly impacted the country and
its credit standing; yet, the volatile nature of global markets may
manifest such a risk at any time, which could lead to higher borrowing
costs for the country.
While the Najib administration has vowed not to let federal
government obligations exceed 55 per cent of the country’s GDP, there is
increasing worry that when government-backed loans or “contingent
liabilities” are taken into account, the government’s total debt
exposure rose to about 65 per cent of GDP last year.
The World Bank also said last November that Malaysia is too dependent
on fossil fuel revenues, with its non-oil primary deficit having
doubled in the last five years to almost 20 per cent of GDP.
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